Kidney failure
happens when the kidneys can no longer effectively filter waste from the blood.
In the early stages, it may not present any noticeable symptoms.
Your kidneys are responsible
for filtering your blood and eliminating toxins from your body, which are then
stored in your bladder and expelled through urination. When this filtration
process fails, it can result in kidney failure. Inadequate kidney function
allows toxins to accumulate in the body, potentially leading to
life-threatening complications if not promptly addressed.
Keep reading as we
break down everything you need to know about kidney failure, including
symptoms, stages, treatment, and the typical outlook.
Acute prerenal
kidney failure occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the kidneys and is
typically treatable once the underlying cause is identified. Acute intrinsic
kidney failure arises from direct injury to the kidneys, which can occur due to
physical trauma, toxin exposure, or ischemia, a condition characterized by
insufficient oxygen supply.
Chronic prerenal kidney failure results from prolonged periods of reduced blood flow, leading to
kidney shrinkage and loss of function.
Chronic intrinsic
kidney failure develops from long-term damage to the kidneys caused by
intrinsic kidney diseases, which can stem from factors like severe bleeding or
oxygen deprivation.
Chronic post-renal
kidney failure: A long-term blockage of the urinary tract prevents urination.
This causes pressure and eventual kidney damage.
Acute post-renal
kidney failure: This type of kidney failure can occur due to stones or another
blockage in the urinary tract.
Acute prerenal kidney failure occurs due to insufficient blood flow to the
kidneys but can often be treated once the underlying cause of the reduced blood
flow is identified. Acute intrinsic kidney failure results from direct damage
to the kidneys, which may stem from trauma, toxin overload, or ischemia (a lack
of oxygen).
Chronic prerenal kidney failure develops when prolonged inadequate blood flow
causes the kidneys to shrink and lose their functionality. Chronic intrinsic
kidney failure arises from long-term damage to the kidneys due to intrinsic
kidney diseases, which can result from severe trauma, bleeding, or oxygen
deprivation. As kidney disease progresses, symptoms may include:
·
Reduced amount of urine
·
Swelling of your legs, ankles, and feet from fluid retention
·
Shortness of breath
·
Trouble sleeping
·
Muscle cramping at night
·
Excessive drowsiness or fatigue
·
Persistent nausea
·
Confusion
·
Chest pain or pressure
·
Seizures
·
Coma
Early signs of
kidney failure
Symptoms of
early-stage kidney disease may be subtle and hard to identify. They may
include:
·
Decreased urine output
·
Swelling in limbs
·
Shortness of breath
·
Kidney failure urine color
The color of your
urine provides limited information about kidney function until significant
damage has already occurred.
Diagnostic tests
Doctors use several
tests to diagnose kidney failure. Common tests include:
Urinalysis involves
analyzing a urine sample to determine the levels of protein and sugar present.
Additionally, a urinary sediment examination checks for the presence of red and
white blood cells, elevated bacterial counts, and an increased number of
cellular casts.
Measuring urine
volume can assist in diagnosing kidney failure, as low urine output may
indicate that the kidney disease is caused by a urinary blockage.
Blood tests can
evaluate substances filtered by the kidneys, including blood urea nitrogen and
creatinine, with a swift increase in these levels potentially signaling acute
kidney failure.
Imaging techniques
such as ultrasounds, MRIs, and CT scans offer visual assessments of the Kidneys
and urinary tract to identify any problems. Additionally, a kidney biopsy
allows doctors to collect and analyze tissue samples for further examination.
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