Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a medical procedure that involves the removal of damaged or diseased parts of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components, usually made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. This surgery is typically performed to relieve pain and improve function in individuals suffering from severe knee conditions, such as:
Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that leads to
the wear and tear of cartilage, causing pain and stiffness.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition that causes
inflammation in the joints, leading to pain and deformity.
Post-traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after an injury or
trauma to the knee.
Other knee disorders: Such as bone deformities or avascular
necrosis.
Types of Knee Replacement Surgery:
Total Knee Replacement: Involves replacing the entire knee joint with
artificial components.
Partial Knee Replacement: Involves replacing only a portion of the knee
joint when damage is limited to a specific area.
Kneecap Replacement: Involves replacing the undersurface of the
kneecap (patella).
Procedure:
Preparation:
Patients typically undergo preoperative evaluations, including medical history
assessments, physical exams, and imaging studies.
Anesthesia:
The surgery can be done under general or regional anesthesia, depending on the
patient's condition and the surgeon's recommendation.
Incision:
The surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the joint.
Removal of Damaged Tissue: Damaged bone and cartilage are removed.
Placement of Prosthetics: The artificial components are then fitted and attached to the remaining bone.
Closure:
The incision is closed with stitches or staples.
Recovery:
After surgery, patients usually spend
some time in the hospital for monitoring and rehabilitation. Physical therapy
is a crucial part of recovery, helping patients regain strength and mobility.
Recovery time can vary, but many individuals can resume everyday activities
within a few months.
Risks:
Like any surgery, knee replacement
carries risks, including infection, blood clots, nerve damage, and
complications from anesthesia. Long-term risks include wear and tear on the
artificial joint, which may require revision surgery later.
Overall, knee replacement surgery can
significantly improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from
chronic knee pain and mobility issues. It is essential for patients to discuss
their specific conditions and treatment options with their healthcare providers
to make informed decisions.
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