COPD is not a single disease, but rather a group of chronic lung conditions that cause airflow blockage and breathing difficulties. The two primary forms of COPD are:
Chronic Bronchitis: This type of COPD is characterized by a persistent cough with mucus production. In chronic bronchitis, the airways become inflamed and produce excess mucus, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Emphysema: Emphysema is a condition in which the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, causing them to lose their shape and function. This damage can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
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Causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. While there is no cure for COPD, understanding its causes can help individuals take steps to prevent or slow its progression. The main causes of COPD are:
Tobacco Smoke: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, accounting for about 80-90% of all cases. Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, many of which can damage the lungs and cause inflammation.
Secondhand Smoke: Breathing in someone else's tobacco smoke can also increase the risk of developing COPD.
Air Pollution: Exposure to air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), can damage the lungs and increase the risk of COPD.
Genetics: Some people may be more susceptible to COPD due to their genetic makeup.
Occupational Exposure: Working in industries that involve heavy metal exposure, such as mining or construction, can increase the risk of COPD.
Symptoms may include
any of the following:
· Cough, with or without mucus.
· Fatigue.
· Frequent respiratory infections.
· Shortness of breath (dyspnea) that gets worse with mild activity.
· Trouble catching one's breath.
· Wheezing.
Exams and Tests for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests. The following exams and tests are commonly used to diagnose COPD:
Spirometry: This is a non-invasive test that measures lung function by blowing air into a device called a
spirometer. The test measures the amount of air you can breathe in and out, as well as how quickly you can blow it out.
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): PFTs are a group of tests that measure lung function, including spirometry, lung volumes, and gas diffusion.
Lung Volumes Test: This test measures the amount of air in the lungs and the amount of air that can be exhaled.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Immediately call to the emergency call 18008891200 /+91-8810787432 or visit wellsun medicity if you have a rapid increase in shortness of breath.
Prevention
Not smoking prevents most cases of COPD. Ask your provider about quit-smoking programs. Medicines are also available to help you stop smoking.
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